PART I

 

Law English——one

 

Unit Four

 

Legal Education in America

 

I. A Brief History

 

Prior to 1865 the intellectual origins of American legal training were predominantly English. Most American attorneys in the 19th century learned law through the English apprenticeship approach. William Blackstone (1723-1780) had established a place for student and practitioner use of legal treatises with his four-volume Commentaries on the Laws of England, which was widely used in American editions and emulated in Commentaries on American Law.

 

Law English——two

 

The first law schools evolved out of law offices that took in apprentice clerks for a fee. 

A few attorneys preferred instructing clerks rather than practicing law and gained a reputation for teaching. 

The Litchfield Law School, which operated from 1784 to 1833 and attracted students from several states, or the 20 other law office-type schools patterned on it, clearly showed their English parentage.

 

Law English—three

 

Harvard Law School, which opened in 1817, was an ordinary Litchfield-type law school at first. But at last it rose to prominence,

 which was attributable primarily to the appointment of Charles Eliot (1834-1906) as university president in 1869 and Christopher Columbus Landell (1826-1906) to the newly created post of law school dean in 1870.

 Of the two men, Eliot was the more important, initiating and supporting reform throughout the university actively. 

Landell’s most significant innovation was the introduction of an instructional method utilizing Socratic Dialogue to discuss appellate court cases.

 

 

PART 2

 

one minute english news—one

 

China corrects 37 wrongful convictions for 61 people: White paper

China has been effectively enhancing judicial protection of human rights over the last five years, said a white paper issued by China's State Council Information Office on Friday.

Efforts to prevent and correct wrongful convictions had seen the correction of 37 major cases of miscarriage of justice involving 61 people, and the acquittal of 4,032 defendants as per the law from 2013 to 2017, it said.

According to the white paper, titled "New Progress in the Legal Protection of Human Rights in China," the country has put people first in its judicial system, integrated criminal punishment with human rights protection and pressed ahead with judicial system reform.

China has endeavored to embody fairness and justice in each and every legal case, it said.

 

one minute english news—two

 

China sees 6.19 million sit national judicial exam over 16 years

The Ministry of Justice recently announced that since the national judicial exam was launched 16 years ago, over 6.19 million Chinese have sat it and around 890,000, or one in seven on average, have passed it to earn their legal professional qualification.

Jia Liqun, a senior official in charge of the exam, said over half of the successful candidates chose to enter the legal profession, whether as judges, lawyers or procurators.

Jia added that a good proportion of the qualification holders work in a legislative institution or as legal personnel in corporations, making great contributions to China’s rule of law.

The exam system keeps improving over the years and is an important guarantee in the cultivation of high-quality legal talents.

 

one minute english news-three

 

Court hears case of woman attacked by tiger

By Cao Yin | China Daily | Updated: 2017-12-20

A 33-year-old woman who was mauled by a tiger at a Beijing animal park last year has sued for damages, saying that visitors were not adequately warned of the safety risks.

The plaintiff, identified only as Zhao, was attacked and dragged by a Siberian tiger after getting out of her car in a drive-through enclosure at Badaling Wildlife World in July last year.

She had been visiting the park near a section of the Great Wall with her husband and mother. The mother was killed by a second tiger after she exited the car and rushed to rescue Zhao.

 

 

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