PART 1
Law English
法律英语
In a common law country, case law plays a very important part in determining the law that applies to a particular set of facts. In application of case law, the weight that case law is given by a particular court in the United States depends significantly upon the court in which the precedent occurred. For example, when a case is brought in Federal court, decisions of the Supreme Court are obviously the most binding on a particular issue, followed by decisions of the circuit court to which an appeal from a district court lies and finally, prior decisions of the district court itself. In many instances, a district court will look to the law of the appropriate state while rendering a decision in a case where issues of state law are of priority.
判例法是基于法院的判决而形成的，具有法律效力的判例。这种判例对于以后的判决具有法律规范效力，能够作为法院判案的依据。判例法是英美法系国家的主要法律渊源，它是相对于大陆法系的成文法或者是制定法而言的。判例法的来源不是专门的立法机构，而是法官关于案件的审理结果，它不是立法者创造的，而是司法者创造的，因此，判例法又被称为“法官法”或者“普通法”。判例法制度最早产生于中世纪的英国，目前美国是最典型的实行判例法的国家。美国法院对于判例的制定非常灵活，即如果先例适合眼下的案例，则遵循；如果先例不适合眼下的案例，那么法院可以拒绝适用先例，或者另行确定一个新的法律原则，而推翻原来的判例。在美国，判例法如何适用呢？可以概括为以下两句话：在同一个法律系统里，下级服从上级，如果涉及另一法律系统的问题，则应互相尊重。
【单词】
binding [ˈbaɪndɪŋ]
adj.（书面材料） 有约束力的; 应履行的;
appeal [əˈpil]
vt.将…移交上级法院审理;
render [ˈrɛndɚ]
v.给予; 使成为; 递交; 表达;
priority [praɪˈɔ:rəti]
n. 优先，优先权;
【词组】
circuit court 巡回法院
PART 2
English news
英语新闻
First batch of judge assistants promoted
Updated: 2017-09-05
The first batch of judges promoted from the position of judge assistants will assume office soon, the Shanghai High People's Court said on Monday.
The 160 new judges will start their careers in district courts in the city from the end of this year after completing interviews and qualification investigations. Almost 300 applicants completed a written test on the weekend.
"Those whose spouses are lawyers or judicial auditors can only become judges if their spouses leave their positions in order to protect court impartiality," Zhang Xiaoli, director of the general political department of the court, said
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